| Kerala Laughingthrush | |
|---|---|
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Timaliidae |
| Genus: | Garrulax |
| Species: | G. fairbanki |
| Binomial name | |
| Garrulax fairbanki (Blanford, 1869[2]) |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Garrulax jerdoni fairbanki |
|
The Kerala Laughingthrush or Grey-breasted Laughingthrush (Garrulax fairbanki) (Malayalam: ചിലുചിലപ്പൻ, Chiluchilappan)[3] is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family endemic to the hills of the Western Ghats south of the Palghat Gap in Southern India. Earlier considered as a subspecies of Trochalopteron cachinnans which looks similar but slightly larger and black-chinned, this taxon was raised to species status and moved from the genus Trochalopteraon to the genus Garrulax.[4]
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This species has a grey-brown crown and narrow brown eyestripe. There is a white supercilium. The cheek is grey, throat and upper breast is rusty brown with fine brown streaks on the white patch at the throat and upper breast.[4] Iris is dark red or red-brown. Upper plumage, wings and tail are olive-brown tinged with rusty especially on the upper-tail coverets. Length is 20 cm (7.9 in) up to 21.5 cm (8.5 in) with 9.3 cm (3.7 in) tail, 8.8 cm (3.5 in) wing, 3.3 cm (1.3 in) tarsus and 2.4 cm (0.94 in) gape. Both sexes appear the same.[5]
They are found in pairs and small groups and they sometimes join mixed-species feeding flocks. The breeding season is December and January and the nest is a cup placed in low vegetation.[4] The eggs are blue, marked in various ways with red and brown. One egg measured 2.5 centimeters (0.98 in) by 2 centimeters (0.79 in).[5] Voice is very loud starting with 1 to 2 steeply ascending notes followed by more abrupt notes.[5]
Feeds on invertebrates, wild raspberries and other fruits, mostly on or near the ground in small parties or small hunting groups.[4]
This species was first described from the Kodaikanal region and called the Pulney Laughing-thrush. Its main distribution is in the Palani Hills and Annamalai Hills in western Tamil Nadu and Munnar, India. This bird is locally common in a narrow distribution range in suitable montane habitats above 1,100 meters (3,600 ft) in southern Kerala, western Tamil Nadu.[4] See map showing important bird areas with Grey-breasted Laughingthrush.[6] Its distribution seems to be associated with that of the wild raspberry. It prefers undergrowth, low bushes and bracken thickets growing along stream banks and edges of sholas and in tea and cardamom plantations.[1]
A comparative study on the population and habitat use of the Grey-breasted Laughingthrush was conducted at sites in Kodaikanal Botanical garden, Kodaikanal Golf Course, Berijam, Mannavanur, Kukkal, Poombarai and Paricombai. Bird density was high at Kukkal (1.4 bird/ha), followed by Poombarai (0.5/ha), Kodaikkanal Botanical garden (0.33/ha), Golf course (0.16/ha) and Paricombai (0.22/ha).[7]
This taxon has been lumped with other Laughingthrushes in the past particularly Garrulax cachinnans.
The threat to Grey-breasted Laughingthrush by habitat loss has been established by the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History. Their study recommends no further expansion of plantations and restoration of grasslands and shola forests in the Palni hills to protect the species.[7]